Hypotension - 953 Words

Hypotension In physiology and medicine, hypotension is abnormally low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation. It is best understood as a physiological state, rather than a disease. It is often associated with shock, though not necessarily indicative of it. Hypotension is the opposite of hypertension, which is high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. If it is lower than normal, then it is called low blood pressure or hypotension. Hypotension is generally considered to be systolic blood pressure less than 90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or diastolic less than 60 mm Hg However in practice, blood pressure is†¦show more content†¦Orthostatic hypotension is indicated if there is a drop in 20 mmHg of systolic pressure (and a 10 mmHg drop in diastolic pressure in some facilities) and a 20 beats per minute increase in heart rate. Neurocardiogenic syncope is a form of dysautonomia characterized by an inappropriate drop in blood pressure while in the upright position. Neurocardiogenic syncope is related tovasovagal syncope in that both occur as a result of increased activity of the vagus nerve, the mainstay of the parasympathetic nervous system. Another, but rarer form is postprandial hypotension, a drastic decline in blood pressure which occurs 30 to 75 minutes after eating substantial meals. When a great deal of blood is diverted to the intestines to facilitate digestion and absorption, the body must increase cardiac output and peripheral vasoconstriction to maintain enough blood pressure to perfuse vital organs, such as the brain. Postprandial hypotension is believed to be caused by the autonomic nervous system not compensating appropriately, because of aging or a specific disorder. TREATMENT: The treatment for hypotension depends on its cause. Chronic hypotension rarely exists as more than a symptom. Asymptomatic hypotension in healthy people usually does not require treatment. Adding electrolytes to a dietShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Water Ingestion Improved Haemodynamic Responses On Gravitational Stress Serving As Therapeutic Relief Against Hypotension1607 Words   |  7 Pages 4. Discussion Previous studies found that water ingestion improved haemodynamic responses to gravitational stress serving as therapeutic relief against hypotension that can be debilitating for most patients. We hypothesized due to the fact that vitamin water is hypotonic in nature like water then it is likely to illicit the OPR to fuel inadequate sympathetic drive and help with symptoms like dizziness upon standing. However the effect of 500ml of water and vitamin water from the current studyRead MoreUnit 4222-335 Undertake physiological measurements1165 Words   |  5 Pagespressure known as hypertension, is 140/90 or more, who chances increase as you get older, overweight, having a relative with high blood pressure, non-eating healthy, which puts us at risk of a heart attack or stroke. The low blood pressure known as hypotension, is 100/60 or less, can drop from a post operation, not drinking enough, quick stand can make you dizzy. The normal limits of blood pressure is between 100/60 to 140/90 . Systolic blood pressure is when an force of heart pumping causing strain andRead MoreSepsis a Case Study3119 Words   |  13 Pagescapillary refill time. Schmidt and Mandel (2008) suggest this is a sign of hypoperfusion as the skin is vasoconstricting due to the redirection of blood flow to the core organs. I informed the doctor and expressed my concerns regarding the patient’s hypotension. A 250ml fluid bolus of colloid was given as an attempt to improve Mr X’s blood pressure and MAP. The early intravenous fluid administration for resuscitation of the critically ill hypovolemic patient is the corner stone of shock therapy (KruemerRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of A Call1456 Words   |  6 Pagesresulting from insufficient blood flow to the brain† (Merriam-webster.com, 2014), and except for sleep, unconsciousness is a signal of impairment of cerebral function (Marieb, 1998). Most often, syncope indicates inadequate cerebral blood flow due to hypotension, as might follow haemorrhage or emotional distress (Marieb, 1998). Syncope usually occurs when mean arterial pressure falls below 60mmHg (Marieb, 1998), and in the case of this patient her final blood pressure on arrival at hospital was 62/39, indicatingRead MoreThe Overwhelming Infection of Septic Shock980 Words   |  4 PagesKleinpell states, â€Å"Septic shock is the result of an overwhelming infection, leading to hypotension, altered coagulation, inflammation, impaired circulation at a cellular level, anaerobic metabolism, changes in mental status and multiple organ failure (as sited in Garretson Malberti, Ignatavicius and Workman (2009), â€Å"sepsis is a widespread infection coupled with a more general criteria: body temperature higher than 380C or lower than 360C, heart rate greater than 90 beats per minute, respiratoryRead MoreSepsis Is A Poisoning Of The System By Disease Carrying Bacteria And Their Toxins Absorbed Into The Bloodstream1397 Words   |  6 Pages 4. Administer 30 mL/kg Crystalloid for Hypotension or Lactate mmol/L 　 The 6-Hour Septic Shock Bundle established to screen suspected sepsis patients contains the following elements, to be completed within 6 hours of time of presentation with severe sepsis: 1. Apply Vasopressors (for Hypotension That Does Not Respond to Initial Fluid Resuscitation to Maintain a Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) 65mmHg) 2. In the Event of Persistent Arterial Hypotension Despite Volume Resuscitation (Septic Shock)Read MoreTrendelenburg Position Essay2278 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Abstract Hypotension is one of the top three most frequent causes of cardiac arrests in the United States. One early intervention used in treating hypotension is placing patients in Trendelenburg position. The purpose of this research was to review information on the use of the Trendelenburg position or variations of it to determine whether this position has an impact on hemodynamic status, to describe historical practices of the Trendelenburg position, state the reasons and need for possible changeRead MoreSepsis: Early Detection and Implementation of Sepsis Resuscitation Bundle1200 Words   |  5 Pagesvenous access should be obtained and blood cultures drawn immediately, as well blood compatibility. Broad-spectrum antibiotics should then begin within three hours of emergency room admission or within one hour from non-emergency admission. For hypotension or a serum lactate level 4 mmol/L there would be rapid fluid resuscitation with crystalloid or colloid solution to restore mean arterial pressure to 65 mmHg, a central venous pressure of 8-10 mmHg, and urine output 0.5 mL/kg/hr. If the patientRead MoreTotal Knee Replacement1425 Words   |  6 Pagesrelated to vasodilation such as headache, dizziness, peripheral edema, and flushing. Immediate-acting forms of nifedipine can cause reflex tachycardia. To avoid rebound hypotension, the drug should be discontinued gradually. In rare cases, nifedipine may cause a paradoxical increase in anginal pain, possibly related to hypotension or heart failure.Contraindications: the only contraindication is prior hypersensitivity to nifedipine.INTERACTIONSDrug- Drug: when given concurrently, other antihypertensivesRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Low Blood Pressure1645 Words   |  7 Pagesabnormal blood pressure could increase dementia occurrences. The null hypothesis, by default, is the assumption that such incidents of low blood pressure will have no impact on the development of dementia. Any conjoined occurrences of postural hypoten sion and dementia are assumed to be mere coincidence. To conduct the study, researchers from the institute tracked 6,000 people over a range of timespans that averaged 15 years; likely, this fluctuation was due to premature death or withdrawal from

Existance of God by Scientific Rationality - 707 Words

Scientific rationality stands as the epitome of human reasoning in the modern era; evidence matters in the assertion of truth. Society looks to the physical world to ascertain what is reasonable, and with the evolution of the scientific method, the past two centuries have also watched the devolution of religiousness. Scientific evidence must be conclusive and unambiguous, derived from true premises, repeatable experiments and observable results. And determine whether the existence of God can be sustained in the presence of scientific rationality. The argument is self-referential, positing its conclusion as its premise: nature is fine-tuned because God exists, which we know because nature is fine-tuned, which we know because God exists, etcetera. Circular reasoning fails to provide evidence for the existence of a deity. Postulated by professor emeritus of philosophy Alvin Plantinga, the â€Å"Evolutionary Argument against Naturalism† (EAAN) proves to be a somewhat controversial topic. Plantinga attempts to argue that the theory of evolution and the Naturalist philosophy are logically incommensurable. The union of evolution and naturalism implicates that human cognition is unreliable, and if both are true, then man must reject his cognitive rationality. Belief possesses the dualistic state of†¦ Plantinga’s postulation possesses an inherent problem: he formulates a deductive argument based upon self-defined terms. If an argument requires assuming something about the universe, then

The Effects of Gmo Free Essays

Daniel Ramirez Lagunas English 12 CP 18 May 2012 FDA Labeling In our society today, there is a small percent of our food that has been genetically engineered. Genetically modified food can affect people that ingest the substances by causing health issues. With these possible long-term effects of GM foods, the FDA, Food and Drug Administration, should require labels for consumers to see. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Gmo or any similar topic only for you Order Now These labels would help inform the public of the possible dangers of the GM food. Without these labels people can suffer serious medical conditions that can destroy their lifestyles. The FDA should require warning labels on all GM foods. GM foods come with many different health risks. One health risk is severe allergic reactions. These allergic reactions can even be life-threatening. An article from the San Francisco Chronicle states that GM fish can possibly cause severe allergic reactions that could be life threatening. â€Å"Genetically engineered fish pose an increased risk of severe, even life-threatening, allergic reactions to sensitive individuals. † (SF Chronicle). Because of this possible outcome, the FDA should require all GM food to have proper labeling warning consumers of the possible dangers. Some may argue that this fish will still provide the nutrients that a normal fish provide. Even so, with many potential health hazards, GM food should be labeled so people know what they are getting. A survey from the SF Chronicle states â€Å"95% of the public wants labeling. † (SF Chronicle) If people want a label saying if their food has been genetically modified, then it should be. Even if the same nutrient content is the same, a warning label should be visible before a buyer buys the food so the person has a choice. GM Foods not only can cause severe allergic reactions, but also can contribute the lifelong diseases. An article from The Atlantic states that researchers in China have found new information that shows that we’re consuming more than just vitamins and protein, we are also absorbing information, or microRNA. MicroRNA has been connected to help cause â€Å"cancer, Alzheimer’s, and diabetes. †(Atlantic) This study shows how GM food could influence human health in unanticipated ways. If GM foods do contain microRNA that can severely affect people’s health, then the FDA should warn people of the risk of eating GM food. People who support GM food argue that if we preform test on GM food to look for microRNA, then we must perform the test on normal food. If the FDA decides to test it or not, they still should provide labels stating the risk of microRNA in food. The FDA should require labels on all genetically modified foods so people know what they are eating. By doing so, people will be warned It will warn of the possible risks to their health and have the chance to make better food choices. Health risks that may occur by eating genetically modified foods include severe allergic reactions, cancer, Alzheimer’s and Dementia, and diabetes. If the FDA does not label these foods, and people don’t know what can happen to them if they consume these foods you can expect to see a rise in lifelong diseases. If people are warned of the potential effects of eating GM foods, they will hopefully make smart decisions regarding their health and the foods they eat. It would be in the best interests of all people to label genetically modified food. How to cite The Effects of Gmo, Essay examples

Memorandum Example free essay sample

In contrast the Royal Hawaiian’s Monarch room is located on a beachfront area of the hotel on the ground floor. The same floor holds the main lobby, restaurant, terrace area, and entrance to Waikiki beach. This would be cause for distractions and noise while meetings are going on. See Fig. 2 below for ground level floor plan. [pic] Fig. 2 Ground Floor, Royal Hawaiian Ben Armstrong2March 21, 2012 Location Residing on the west side of Oahu, the Ihilani Resort is located in Ko‘Olina, home to both residents and tourists alike. The private lagoons, marina, and golf course provide a country/villa feel in the atmosphere surrounding the hotel. With no traffic or loud city noises, the convention can be held in peace. It is also a change of scenery for those who have been to numerous conferences and meetings in Waikiki. Although the Royal Hawaiian is known for it’s bright pink exterior, it is located in the heart of Waikiki. We will write a custom essay sample on Memorandum Example or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Being surrounded by a mile-long shopping center, the hotel is always busily buzzing with tourists and locals alike. Since the HFIA convention hosts locals from our islands, shopping would not be such an attraction but more of a distraction. Dining The in-hotel dining choices for the Ihilani consists of 2 formal dining restaurants, an in formal all day restaurant, a poolside patio, and a bar. The Azul restaurant features Italian dine-in cuisine while Ushio-Tei serves an authentic Japanese buffet and entrees. Both restaurants are rated highly for their atmosphere and customer service. The Royal Hawaiian features Azure, a dine-in restaurant the overlooks the ocean with both an inside and outside terrace. Being in open-air, there would be no room for small talk with all the action happening around. Although they are also a four-star restaurant like Azul and Ushio-Tei, dinner is a way to debrief from long conventions and meeting hours. Parking A covered parking lot is provided for guests staying at the Ihilani hotel. Key card access is needed to get into the parking lot, assuring guests that their cars are safe. The lot is also connected to the meeting area for those not staying at the hotel. The convenience of having a gated parking lot puts stress aside for the convention goers. Valet service is provided at the Royal Hawaiian for a price. Another parking structure is located off-site from the hotel, but at the shopping center instead. The other parking garages located in Waikiki do accept overnight stays but are at least a 10-minute walk from where the convention is being held and a minimum $20 charge. This causes confusion and problems for those just attending the convention. Ben Armstrong 3March 21, 2012 Conclusion As you can see, the Ihilani resort is a prime candidate to be considered to host the HIFA regional convention this year. It’s location separates itself from the rest of the conventions going on at the same time and focuses on the main purpose of our gathering. By utilizing it’s secluded meetings room we also enhance the importance of our assembly. Please e-mail me at [emailprotected] com with any questions or details you have. We anticipate a great turn out this year, and look forward to working with you to host a successful convention.

10 Research Essay Topics on Celtic Christianity

10 Research Essay Topics on Celtic Christianity If you are tasked with writing a research essay on Celtic Christianity, you will need to substantiate your claims with facts. Below are some interesting facts you may want to include: Christianity is a religious force which has influenced Great Britain heavily, and the introduction of it to the Irish Celts had similar effect, the evidence of which is seen in mythology, archaeology, and Celtic beliefs which transformed from Pagan practices to Christian practices. Early Celtic people were referenced in the fourth century by Greek and Roman writers, who listed information about their social history during the early Middle Ages. Scholars like Aristotle, Plato, Livy, Lucan, and Polybius offer information on Celtic daily life activities, the food and drinks Celtic people consumed, the organization of the urban society and local rural society among Celtic people, the gender relations and class relations found among Celtic people, political and military history of the Celtic people, and the impact of their commerce. The Hallstatt period is the earliest Celtic culture, one which shows the arrival of the Celts in Britain. These Belgic tribes were attempting to run away from German and Roman expansion, which does present a certain irony given their succumbing to Roman Christianity later in life. During this time the Celtic world extended to southern Germany as it is geographically known today, Bohemia, and the Balkans. Their growth did not stop there, as their power soon moved to Turkey, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Britain, and Ireland. Because, in part, of their expansive geographic enterprise, they responded differently to historical and geographical circumstances in different areas. Some would rely on trade while other groups relied on farming. The focal point of their power began to shift thanks to the Alpine trade routes which led to the second Celtic historical phase referred to as the La Tà ©ne period. Both periods showed great artwork and civilization expansion. The Celtic people had complex and varied societies prior to the introduction of Celtic Christianity during the Early Middle Ages. Between Celtic groups the social customs and religions would vary, save for the order of pagan priests known as Druids, which were universally recognized throughout all Celtic villages. The Druids were the religious leaders among the Celtic communities prior to the introduction of Christianity and in fact, legend holds that when St. Patrick was sent to convert the Irish, he received magical strength and power from the Christian god to help him fight off the Druids who claimed to have their own unique connection to the Celtic gods. Among the Celtics, there were small units of people who were all tightly knit. Within the societies rule took place by warriors, in the form of warrior aristocrats or warrior kings and queens. The Celts were not known as a racial group, but were instead a linguistic group which means their language and culture were the single unit which distinguished them from among the other peoples in Europe and held them together as a society. Of course, language soon became one of two main factors holding the Celts together, with religion being the second. The decentralized society was still ruled over by the Druid order who would move from village to village the same as the missionaries. It was against the rules of the Celtic communities to attack a Druid. As they moved from village to village their job was to practice rituals and magic, to be an intermediary with the Celtic gods, to interpret sacrifices, to be a bard, and to function as a natural philosopher. It was taught by the Druids, the same as in Christianity, that there was life beyond a physical death, and that those who were brave warriors should not worry about their physical life on earth, because they would enjoy another one after death. It was because of this belief that they were fearless warriors whose bravery in battle garnered commentary in Roman and Greek historical records. It was also this which laid the foundation for the general acceptance of some aspects of Christianity, including that of a life after death, which was based on actions completed during the physical life. Early beliefs included sacrifices, with Druids controlling sacrifices from village to village and using banishment from said sacrifices as the most extreme punishment. Celts who were not allowed to participate in sacrifices were essentially cut off from the good favor of the gods, another aspect that laid a solid foundation for the later belief in the Christian God and Jesus. The Druids lost their control over the Celtic people in the 3rd century AD when the first signs of Christianity spread throughout Britain. The Council of Arles took place in A.D. 314 and it was because of this that British bishops allowed the new Roman religion to enter. When the Roman-British church collapsed during the 5th century, the spread of Christianity among the Celts was limited. At this point, the reach of Celtic Christianity could be found in Cornwall, Devon, Wales, and Cumbria. Following the defeat of Gaul, there is evidence that Celtic culture essentially vanished from the main parts of Europe. The far West areas of Europe saw the remainder of Celtic artwork. There also remained teachings about the Christian Celts. It was during the fifth century and for two centuries after, that St. Patrick worked to establish Christianity among the Celts. Following this endeavor, the Irish began to send missionaries themselves to try and convert other European peoples. The missionaries made it to the northern parts of Italy, to Iona, and to Switzerland. Written evidence for the introduction, rise, and spread of Celtic Christianity throughout Ireland began with a historical record from A.D. 431 wherein a message was written about a man being ordained by the Pope Celestine and then sent as the first bishop to the Irish Christians. From this, the community of Celtic Christians seemingly evolved as a result of having contact with the Celtic Church located in western Britain prior to the introduction of St. Patrick. Irish monasteries soon became the social locations for the education of Christianity and the arts. It was at locations including the monastery at Durrow, at Kells, and at Armagh that the Celtic Christian faith was able to prosper during the early Middle Ages. Viking invasions took place between A.D. 700 and 900 but in spite of these invasions, the Celtic civilization and their Christianity therein, continued as a powerful art form and center of learning among Europe. These were 10 facts on Celtic Christianity for a research essay. We hope they gave you a better idea of the topic. Insert them into your custom research paper in order to fortify it. Additionally don’t forget to check our 20 topics and a sample essay on Celtic Christianity as well as a research essay guide. References: Duncan, Anthony Douglas.  The Elements Of Celtic Christianity. Shaftesbury, Dorset: Element, 1997. Print. Kelly, Fergus, ed.  Audacht Morainn. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1976. Herbert, Mire, and Patrick K. Ford. Celtic Folklore And Christianity.  Bà ©aloideas  52 (1984): 163. Web. Herren, Michael W, and Shirley Ann Brown.  Christ In Celtic Christianity. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press, 2002. Print. Joyce, Timothy J.  Celtic Christianity. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1998. Print. Lehane, Brendan.  Early Celtic Christianity. London: Continuum, 2005. Print. Mackey, James P.  An Introduction To Celtic Christianity. Edinburgh: T T Clark, 1989. Print. Marsh, William Parker, and Christopher Bamford.  Celtic Christianity. Great Barrington, Mass.: Lindisfarne Press, 1987. Print. Murphy, Gerard, ed.  Early Irish lyrics: eighth to twelfth century. Four Courts Pr Ltd, 1956. OMeara, John J. The Voyage of St Brendan: Journey to the Promised Land. (1978): 31.

Toxicology Paper on Mathew Selavka Essays

Toxicology Paper on Mathew Selavka Essays Toxicology Paper on Mathew Selavka Essay Toxicology Paper on Mathew Selavka Essay Speaker Paper (Dr. Carl Selavka) Dr. Carl Matthew Selavka is one of the world-renowned forensic toxicologists of today. Dr. Selavka has a strong background in biology, chemistry, and forensics, and illustrated that it would be very helpful in the field of forensic science. His background originated from Indiana University where he received his Bachelor of Arts double major in Chemistry and Forensic Science and at Northeastern University where he received a Master of Science in Forensic Chemistry in 1985 and his Doctor of Philosophy in Forensic Analytical Chemistry in 1987. Upon completing the ROTC program at Indiana, Dr. Selavka went to serve the US army. Upon serving, he attended graduate school and continued in education until he received his Doctoral at Northeastern before serving as an active duty member in the United States Army Medical Service Corps from 1987 to 1991. After serving a number of positions in the US Army medical service corps, Dr. Selavka began a career as Director of Forensic Operations at the National Medical Services, Inc. in Willow Grove, PA. One of the main duties he undertook included overseeing the Forensic Science Division of a private toxicology and criminalistics laboratory. In February 1994, Dr. Selavka was promoted to the Director of Criminalistics where he undertook the responsibility of all administrative aspects of the Criminalistics Department. During his position here, he oversaw many different cases where the quantitative and qualitative analysis of drugs found in things ranging from botanicals to IV bags was performed. In 1996, Dr. Selavka left this position to become a Director of Forensic Services at the New York State Division of Criminal Justice services in Albany, New York. In the two years he was there, he accomplished many things from directing the implementation and maintenance of the DNA databank for NY State convicted offenders to implementing centralized training for NYS forensic scientists. By the summer of 1998 Dr. Selavka had transitioned to Director of the Massachusetts State Police Crime Laboratory system in Sadbury Massachusetts. The State Police Crime Laboratories were engaged in all types of criminalistics analysis ranging from forensic DNA testing to toxicology to processing evidence from murder, rape and arson cases. Dr. Selavka was responsible for the State DNA Databank and Office of Alcohol Testing. After a nine year period working for the Massachusetts State police, Dr. Selavka left and became a Forensic Science Officer for the US Army Criminal Investigation lab in FT. Gillem Georgia for a year. He then worked as a Production services Manager for the US Air Force Drug Testing Laboratory in Brooks City-Base, San Antonio, Texas until April of last year. Dr. Selavka currently works as a Forensic Toxicologist for Avee Laboratories in Clearwater, Florida. He is also a Forensic Reporting Officer at Trimega Laboratories, Ltd. in London, UK; Cape Town, SA; Ulm, Germany, and a Consulting Forensic Scientist for the Department of Defense and Para-military organizations. Dr. Selavka’s presentation ranged on the many different aspects of Forensic Toxicology. The first part of his discussion centered on the types of drugs toxicologist are interested in. Drugs that were mentioned included benzodiazepines, depressants, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, marijuana and alcohol. Dr. Selavka pointed out that Alcohol stands out from the other drugs as it is the largest contributing factor to vehicle related accidents as well as consequently deaths. Dr. Selavka also included regular toxicologist studies such as the testing for carbon monoxide, cyanide, inhalants, metals, pesticides and herbicides. Dr. Selavka throughout his discussion participated in numerous engaging interactions with the students, often of comedian value as he illustrated the quantitative and qualitative factors of the range of drugs he discussed about. He also shared that baby boomers used drugs, only now were they using expensive opioid pharmaceuticals that they got prescribed from their doctors. Dr. Selavka had numerously communicated that â€Å"the statistics don’t lie†. A major area that Dr. Selavka has also considerable experience is testing for compliance. He mentioned that any type of employment that are considered safety and security sensitive positions will require some type of bodily testing to detect the presence of illegal drugs. The most common type of testing is urine testing. Dr. Selavka also spent a great deal of time explaining in detail how drugs enter the system, what happens when they enter, and how they leave. He explained the importance of this in four steps of what he calls â€Å"The Average Man Theory†. This theory was similar to what we have been covering in class from chapter nine. The difference was that Richard Saferstein focused on the details of how alcohol is absorbed, distributed, and eliminated in the body, while Dr. Selavka explained in greater detail how alcohol and other drugs go through this process in a human body. Dr. Selavka also explained the importance of each step on how it relates to testing and its elimination in the human body. In His presentation, Dr. Selavka also discussed how during the absorption process of a drug enters the blood stream through skin, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract and is carried by simple diffusion via plasma, proteins, or red blood cells. Alcohol was discussed in great detail, given its major role in our society. and Dr. Selavka mentioned some interesting facts that has also been mentioned in our textbook regarding alcohol and its absorption. Richard Saferstein demonstrates in his text book how alcohol can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream at radically different speeds based on the total time taken the consume the drink and its alcohol content, the amount consumed, and the quantity and type of food present in the stomach while drinking. Dr. Selavka discussed this process in a very similar fashion. After explaining the processes of absorption, Dr. Selavka discussed the distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the alcohol content. Dr. Selavka used a chart in his presentation to communicate get detection windows of certain drugs and how long they last in the human body. This allowed easy comparisons and conclusions to be drawn from how long drugs stay in the human body and when to consider testing urine, oral fluid, breath, blood, sweat, and hair respectively. The information on a sweat patch testing was new to me and I found it incredibly fascinating all the while simplistically brilliant, or brilliantly simplistic. Dr. Selavka went on to explain the different types of testing and spent a great deal of time talking about hair testing. He expelled many rumors about hair testing that the class had preconceived, and clearly described the boundaries of hair testing today. He presented a diagram of the Dermal Papilla and explained how in this area the blood flow nourishes the bottom part of the hair located near the dermis and that it is where blood delivers drugs that become permanently trapped in the hair. After explaining the complexities of hair analysis, Dr. Selavka finally concluded the future of drug testing and its limitations and what to expect in the near future. Dr. Selavka’s presentation was very extensive and provided a range of information presented in a calculated manner. The quality of his presentation parallels that with his expertise in the field, and really engaged the class in participating and running mock conclusions based on previous cases he had encountered. All in all, he is clearly one of the leading experts in his field, world-wide. If he had more time, I would have asked him if he believed drug testing had a future, or could people be, ironically, using drugs to clean other drugs?

Distracted Driving in The United States Research Paper

Distracted Driving in The United States - Research Paper Example Various laws and legislations have been implemented in different states of US but this still remains an uphill task for the states. Various new recommendations and options are coming up in the shape of laws. Slowly and gradually this problem will be overcome by introducing safety measures and educating the youngsters. There have been incidents of mobile usage that resulted in loss of lives. There was a high school girl Alex Brown who lost her life to texting while driving. So her parents are eager to create awareness of texting while driving after losing their daughter. Her parents have made a website for educating people on distractions caused by texting while driving (â€Å"Remember Alex Brown foundation†). Chirping mobile phones are less expected to make flying dangerous. It endangers the lives of other onboard passengers. Comparatively danger is more on ground and these electronic devices have killed people on the roads. As per the department of transportation, chatting dr ivers are exposed four times to a crash. If we compare the reaction of an alcohol drunk driver with a driver using mobile phone then the distraction from a cell phone using driver slows and equals to a legally drunk individual (Carlson). Texting while driving is more dangerous than texting while driving. Looking down on any object or receiving and sending messages during driving is foolish. According to research carried out at Virginia Tech Institute, a driver takes his eyes off the road for approximately 5 seconds while sending or reading a text message. In this time, driver covers about length of a football field at 55 mph (Carlson). If we observe handling of mobile phone while driving then it is clear that it attracts total attention of drier. While reading text it catches visual attraction. Physical distraction is there when one is holding the phone in hand and mental distraction when concentrating on the material it shows on screen. So, it takes complete attention of the driver (Simon). Today the number one reason of auto accidents is distracted driving. The percentage has touched the alarming stage in recent past. Distracted driving has become the number one safety concern of road driving. Transportation secretary named distracted driving as â€Å"epidemic†. Now Toyota motors is spending about 50 million US dollars on research on issues associated with distracted driving. They named it as â€Å"growing cause of accidents.† National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) released some facts and figures at the end of conference which shows that more than 5800 people died and about 515000 were injured last year due to distracted driving. Other studies show that technological advancement has proven to be a major factor in traffic accidents (O’ Donnell). Statistics also show that texting has become the most accurate and very famous form of communication. People send or receive about 110 billion text messages per month. According to a survey, about 11 percent of teens have admitted the habit of texting during driving. Other reason for popularity of texting is that it is very short. That is why drivers believe it is the quickest form of communication from behind the wheels. Studies do not confirm this mind set rather it is proved that how exposed one is to accident while texting during driving. Even at slower speed the risk of accident is high (O’ Donnell). The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) has gathered data regarding

Intellectual property College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intellectual property College - Essay Example Intellectual property ensures that the products are out into market from the original effort and curbs adulation. A property which is exclusive achievement of a particular company is guided by the intellectual property right according to the constitutional legal process existing in the country. Thus the intellectual property provides exclusive right to have freedom to work on the application or product and eliminates others to copy your effort. A resource or goods should be allowed to own and benefit from it, and the rights should describe whom should property rights be vested for those resources Second, what constraints should be covered in those rights consist of Intellectual Property: a term often used to refer generically to property rights created through intellectual and/or discovery efforts of a creator that are generally protectable under patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret, trade dress or other law Intellectual property rights is now used extensively as a business parameter due to competition, product differentiation and process flow gaining much importance in running a business entity. According to the nature of business operations and systems intellectual property rights have been classified to address a specific area of concern. Design: A right gives exclusive rights ... Copy rights related Copy right: A right which authenticates an individuals or an organisation work not to copied, reproduced, summarized or redistributed in any form without the concern of the initiator. Design: A right gives exclusive rights on the individuals or an organisation to proceed legally if any party copy sell or redesign the same features under other name, thus conferring rights to the first initiator. Patent: An exclusive recognisition for the utilities, design process flow thus not allowing others to copy sell or redistribute the original idea but others can quote the work for another application in any other form. Trademark: Are the distinguish features like symbols, design, words, caption or a sentence which is entitled to a single organisation. This confers that the products or service is from one brand. Reference: September.13.2006. "Glossary of Intellectual Property Terms". Available at this Website: http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/intelprp/glossary.htm Viewed on 12th September 2006 10PM IST Trade secret: A trade secret is an management tool that is kept in the internal walls of an organisation which is vital in the success of a feature, product or a process flow different from other business entities. Intellectual property has a greater significance in this period of globalization as it enables us to locate and protect every aspect which drives your revenues. An IP policy makes the organisation to stand ahead of others in competition and which are very unique and exclusive to your organisation. The advent of new technologies which can tap the essence of any new product or application of the process is an important aspect to observe as it gives opportunities to the competitors and the pirate professional to imitate and

Flying cheap Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Flying cheap - Movie Review Example The ‘continental connection flight’ 3407was a commuter flight and is exactly the recreation of the documentary by Young and which depicts the errors with the pilot as well as the first officer to have caused the crash (Genzlinger, para 1-5). The documentary depicts evolutionary process in the regional system of airlines with the special focus on the relatively small airline companies such as the Colgan Company. The movie depicts the operations of the rather small airliners carrying the big names like ‘continental’ on them despite their failure to meet at least the minimum standards of operation in safety as well as training for the crew members. The plot features a former Colgan Pilot’s description of his daily routine at Colgan as a pilot. Many short routes coupled with lots of ‘landings’ and ‘take offs’ as well as meeting and braving bad weather are basic daily experiences to any pilot with the company. This according to him is so tiring and often presents a very long day to the pilot and crewmembers. As the documentary features, passengers often make a misinformed perception whenever in a plane for a flight while thinking that they are safe at the hands of the ‘well able and experienced pilot and crew members in control’ while the reality may prove otherwise. The story line adopted in the documentary is an investigative plot where it investigates how regional airline couriers especially those operating as low cost flights have steadily changed the entire air travel industry with increased awareness of competition and the need for incentives such as the cheap flights. However, the investigation line is on whether the adoption of such strategies and the need to realize higher profits is in any way related to compromises of safety standards as observed in airline operators. This is confirmed through the strategic feature of the continental connection flight, which crashed in 2009 outside Buffalo. The documentary records

Synthesis of nickel complexes

Synthesis of nickel complexes Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the Ligand exchange that occurs when different Nickel complexes and reacted with Triphenylphosphine. Introduction Triphenylphosphine was first prepared by Pfeiffer and Sauvage in 1904 Experimental Triphenylphosphine (1.408g) was dissolved under reflux with Propan-2-ol (15cm3) forming a colourless solution to which 5 boiling chips were added. Nickel chloride hexahydrate (0.603g) was dissolved in absolute Ethanol (10cm3) and heated until a green/yellow solution formed. This solution was poured into the reaction mixture through the condenser. Immediately the solution turned dark green, the solution was refluxed for a further 6mins. The reaction was removed from the heat and allow to cool for 4mins, a dark precipitate was visible in the flask. The warm solution was filtered under suction to collect the dark blue/green crystals which were washed with ice cooled absolute ethanol (1x10cm3 + 1x3cm3). Once dry the boiling chips were removed with a spatula and the crystals were transferred to a n open sample vial and dried in the desiccator for a week. A further solution of Triphenylphosphine (1.410g) and Propan-2-ol (15cm3) was made and set to reflux as before. Sodium thiocyanate (0.601g) was dissolved in Ethanol (11cm3), to this nickel nitrate hexahydrate (0.773g) was added. The flask was warmed until all the green solid has dissolved and a white solid has formed. Once cooled the solution was filtered under suction and the Filtrate (aqua blue liquid in Buchner flask) was added to the refluxing Triphenylphosphine through the condenser. Immediately the solution turned blood red/brown. The solution was refluxed for a further 7mins and then cooled for 5 mins. The warm solution was filtered under suction and the orange/ red crystals washed with ice cooled Ethanol ( 1x10cm3 + 1x8cm3). Once dry the boiling chips were removed as before and the crystals were transferred to the desiccator for a week. Results and discussion Triphenylphosphine + Propan-2-ol+ Nickle Chloride hexahydrate + Ethanol à   Bis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II)chloride P(C6H5)3 + C3H7OH + NICl2.6H2O + C2H5OH à   C36H30Cl2NiP2 Triphenylphosphine + Propan-2-ol+ Nickle Chloride hexahydrate + Ethanol à   Bis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II)chloride P(C6H5)3 + C3H7OH + NaSCN + C2H5OH + Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2 à   [Ni(PPh3)2](NCS)2 Equations XM = Molar magnetic susceptibility (cgs units) C= Calibration constant = 1.044 L= Length of sample (cm units) R= Balance reading with FULL samples tube Ro= Balance reading with EMPTY sample tube M= Relative molecular weight of sample m= Mass of samples (units grams) XM = XM- (diamagnetic correction) XM = Corrected Molar susceptibility XM = Molar magnetic susceptibility (cgs units) Diamagnetic correction = Calculated from literature table of diamagnetic corrections (Xd)  µeff= Magnetic moment (units Bohr Magneton (BM)) XM = Corrected Molar susceptibility T= Temperature (units Kelvin (K)) Calculations XM = 294.0798111 x10-6 Diamagnetic correction (data obtained from Inorganic Chemistry CMB004 d-block Chemistry Laboratory course 2009-10 page 14) Compound: [Ni(PPh3)2Cl2] Diamagnetic correction = (-13 x10-6) + (-46 x10-6) + (-400 x10-6) = -459 x10-6 XM = XM- (diamagnetic correction) XM = 294.07981110-6 -(- 459) x10-6 = 753.07981110-6  µeff =1.33 BM Complex B showed a magnetic moment decrease of -055 to -073 on the first measurement so I re ran the measurement.

Computer Security in an Information Age :: essays research papers fc

Computer Security in the Information Age Computers; they are a part of or in millions of homes; they are an intricate part of just about every if not all successful businesses, the government, and the military. Computers have become common place in today’s society and the lives of the people who live in it. They have crossed every national, racial, cultural, educational, and financial barrier, which consequently ushered in the information age. A computer is a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve and process data, and they come in all shapes, and sizes. They can be used for and in just about anything. As stated before, they are used in just about every aspect of modern society. They are so fundamental to modern society that it would be disastrous to society without them. As stated before, there are many areas in modern society that are run by computers. They play an intricate part of millions of homes in the world. Office workers in business, government and the military may use them to write letters , keep rosters, create budgets, find information, manage projects, communicate with workers, and so on. They are used in education, medicine, music, law enforcement, and unfortunately crime. Because computers have become such a part of the world and how it operates, there is a tremendous responsibility for those who are in control of these computers and the vital information that they carry, to manage and protect them properly. This is management and protection is vital because any loss or damage could be disastrous for the affected entity. For example, a mistake or intentional alteration of a personal credit file could affect ones ability to buy a car or home, or can lead to legal actions against the affected person until the mistake or intentional alteration has been corrected. Therefore, with the advent of computers in the information age, and all of the intentional and unintentional violations against them, comes the need to safeguard them and the information they carry with str ong systems and policies of computer security. Computer security is the process of preventing and detecting unauthorized use of your computer. Prevention measures help to stop unauthorized users or intruders from accessing any part of a computer system. Detection helps one to determine whether or not someone attempted to break into a computer system, if they were successful, and what they may have done.